Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS)

Destroying ozone-depleting substances from discarded appliances to prevent harmful emissions and protect the atmosphere

What’s the challenge?

Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS), including hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), along with other potent non-CO2 climate pollutants like hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), pose a severe threat to our planet’s climate.

These substances are not only destructive to the ozone layer, which shields the Earth from much of the sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation, but are also high Global Warming Potential (GWP) pollutants. For example, HCFC-22, which is often used in air conditioning, has a heat-trapping potential up to 5,000 times greater than CO2, making it significantly more harmful to the environment.

These chemicals have been widely used in refrigeration, aerosols, and insulation. This has caused significant environmental damage, leading to strict phase-out measures under international agreements like the Montreal Protocol.

Illustration: Understanding Ozone Depleting Substances: Causes, Effects, and Solutions

Addressing ODS effectively requires understanding their impact through the lens of GWP. This helps us compare the effects of different greenhouse gases relative to CO2 over a specific time frame, typically 100 years.

While ODS like HCFCs and CFCs are already being phased out in many countries, large quantities are still found in old equipment and products. These can potentially escape untreated into the atmosphere during use and end-of-life phase, if not properly managed.

Carbon credit methodologies have been developed to reward the destruction of these gases, effectively preventing their release into the atmosphere. For example, eliminating 1 tonne of ODS could be equivalent to removing several thousand tonnes of CO2.

Destroying ODS has many benefits. It not only protects the ozone layer, but also helps tackle the climate crisis by stopping the release of these powerful heat-trapping gases. Additionally, it improves air quality and human health by reducing harmful chemicals in the atmosphere.

Transitioning away from ODS and high-GWP substances also speeds up the adoption of environmentally friendlier alternatives, like natural refrigerants and advanced insulation materials, which are crucial for reducing future greenhouse gas emissions.

Ecosystems and biodiversity also stand to gain from the reduced environmental impact of these harmful substances. The financial incentives provided by carbon credits play a crucial role, making it economically viable to destroy ODS and invest in sustainable technologies.

As the carbon market matures, these credits enhance the financial feasibility of projects aimed at reducing high GWP emissions, enabling a quicker shift to low-GWP alternatives and supporting broader environmental and public health goals.

CategoryProgramMethodology and Version(s)Assessment TypeAssessment in progressPreparing draft report and recommendationScheduled for Governing Board ConsiderationDecision & Informal Board Observations
Afforestation, Reforestation and RevegetationACRACR Afforestation and Reforestation of Degraded Lands, v 1.0-1.2MSWG 2CCP-Approved

Board Observations
Afforestation, Reforestation and RevegetationERSM001 Quantification Methodology for Terrestrial Forest Restoration, v 1.1-1.2Internal Assessment
Afforestation, Reforestation and RevegetationGold StandardGS Afforestation/Reforestation (A/R) GHG Emissions Reduction & Sequestration Methodology, v 2.1MSWG 2
Afforestation, Reforestation and RevegetationGold StandardGS Sustainable Management of Mangroves, v 1.0Internal Assessment
Afforestation, Reforestation and RevegetationIsometricReforestation, v 1.0Internal Assessment
Afforestation, Reforestation and RevegetationVerified Carbon StandardVM0047 Afforestation, Reforestation, and Revegetation, v 1.0MSWG 2CCP-Approved

Board Observations
Afforestation, Reforestation and RevegetationVerified Carbon StandardVM0047 Afforestation, Reforestation, and Revegetation, v 1.1Internal Assessment
Avoided Grassland ConversionClimate Action Reserve (CAR)CAR Canada Grassland, v 1.0MSWG 2, Withdrawn
Avoided Grassland ConversionClimate Action Reserve (CAR)CAR U.S. Grassland Protocol, v 2.1MSWG 2, Withdrawn
BiocharClimate Action Reserve (CAR)CAR U.S. and Canada Biochar, v 1.0MSWG 6CCP-Approved

Board Observations
BiocharIsometricBiochar Production and Storage​, v 1.0MSWG 6CCP-Approved

Board Observations
BiocharIsometricBiochar Production and Storage​, v 1.1Internal Assessment
BiocharPuro.earthBiochar Methodology, v 3.0MSWG 6
BiocharVerified Carbon StandardVM0044 Methodology for Biochar Utilization in Soil and Non-Soil Applications, v 1.0-1.1MSWG 6, Withdrawn
BiocharVerified Carbon StandardVM0044 Methodology for Biochar Utilization in Soil and Non-Soil Applications, v 1.2MSWG 6CCP-Approved

Board Observations
Biodigesters (household)​Gold StandardAMS-I.E. - Switch from non-renewable biomass for thermal applications by the user, v 1.0-13.0MSWG 5Does not meet

Board Observations
Biodigesters (household)​Gold StandardAMS-I.I. - Biogas/biomass thermal applications for households/small users, v 1.0-6.0MSWG 5Does not meet

Board Observations
Biodigesters (household)​Gold StandardGS Methodology for Animal Manure Management and Biogas Use for Thermal Energy Generation, v 1.0-1.1MSWG 5CCP-Approved

Board Observations
Biodigesters (household)​Verified Carbon StandardAMS-I.E. - Switch from non-renewable biomass for thermal applications by the user, v 1.0-13.0MSWG 5Does not meet

Board Observations
Carbon Dioxide RemovalsGold StandardGS Carbon mineralisation using reactive mineral waste, v 2.0MSWG 6
Carbon Dioxide RemovalsGold StandardGS Carbon Sequestration Through Accelerated Carbonation Of Concrete Aggregate , v 1.0MSWG 6
Carbon Dioxide RemovalsGold StandardGS Methodology for Biomass Fermentation with Carbon Capture and Geologic Storage, v 1.0MSWG 6
Carbon Dioxide RemovalsIsometricBio-oil Geological Storage, v 1.0-1.1MSWG 6
Carbon Dioxide RemovalsIsometricBiogenic Carbon Capture and Storage​, v 1.0MSWG 6, Withdrawn
Carbon Dioxide RemovalsIsometricBiogenic Carbon Capture and Storage​, v 1.1MSWG 6
Carbon Dioxide RemovalsIsometricBiomass Geological Storage, v 1.0-1.1MSWG 6
Carbon Dioxide RemovalsIsometricDirect Air Capture, v 1.0MSWG 6, Withdrawn
Carbon Dioxide RemovalsIsometricDirect Air Capture, v 1.1 MSWG 6
Carbon Dioxide RemovalsIsometricSubsurface Biomass Carbon Removal and Storage​, v 1.0MSWG 6
Carbon Dioxide RemovalsPuro.earthCarbonated Materials, v 2.0MSWG 6
Carbon Dioxide RemovalsPuro.earthGeologically Stored Carbon, v 1.0MSWG 6
Carbon Dioxide RemovalsPuro.earthTerrestrial Storage of Biomass, v 1.0MSWG 6
Carbon Dioxide RemovalsVerified Carbon StandardVM0049 Carbon Capture and Storage, v 1.0MSWG 6
Efficient Cookstoves ​Gold StandardAMS-II.G. - Energy efficiency measures in thermal applications of non-renewable biomass, v 1-13.1MSWG 5Does not meet

Board Observations
Efficient Cookstoves ​Gold StandardGS Emission Reductions from Safe Drinking Water Supply, v 1.0Internal Assessment
Efficient Cookstoves ​Gold StandardGS Methodology for Metered & Measured Energy Cooking Devices, v 1.0-1.2MSWG 5CCP-Approved

Board Observations
Efficient Cookstoves ​Gold StandardGS The Gold Standard Simplified Methodology For Clean And Efficient Cookstoves, v 1.0-3.0MSWG 5Does not meet

Board Observations
Efficient Cookstoves ​Gold StandardGS TPDDTEC – Technologies and Practices to Displace Decentralized Thermal Energy Consumption, v 2.0-3.1MSWG 5CCP-Approved

Board Observations
Efficient Cookstoves ​Gold StandardGS TPDDTEC – Technologies and Practices to Displace Decentralized Thermal Energy Consumption, v 4.0MSWG 5CCP-Approved

Board Observations
Efficient Cookstoves ​Verified Carbon StandardVM0050 Energy Efficiency and Fuel-Switch Measures in Cookstoves, v 1.0Internal AssessmentCCP-Approved

Board Observations
Efficient Cookstoves ​Verified Carbon StandardVMR0006 Energy Efficiency and Fuel Switch Measures in Thermal Applications, v 1.2MSWG 5, Withdrawn
Enhanced WeatheringIsometricEnhanced Weathering in Agriculture , v 1.0-1.1MSWG 6
Enhanced WeatheringPuro.earthEnhanced Rock Weathering Methodology, v 1.0MSWG 6
Enteric MethaneGold StandardGS Methane Emissions Reduction from Enteric Fermentation in Beef Cattle Through Application of Feed Supplements, v 1.0MSWG 2
Enteric MethaneVerified Carbon StandardVM0041 Methodology for the Reduction of Enteric Methane Emissions from Ruminants through the Use of Feed Ingredients, v 2.0MSWG 2
HFC DisplacementACRACR Certified Reclaimed HFC Refrigerants, Propellants, and Fire Suppressants, v 1.0-2.0Internal Assessment
HFC ReplacementACRACR Advanced Refrigeration Systems, v 1.0-3.0Internal Assessment
HFC ReplacementACRACR Transition to Advanced Formulation Blowing Agents in Foam Manufacturing and Use, v 1.0-3.0Internal Assessment
HFC-23 destruction: HFC-23 abatement from HCFC-22 production Verified Carbon StandardAM0001 - Decomposition of fluoroform (HFC-23) waste streams , v 1.0-5.0Very Unlikely To Meet
Improved Forestry ManagementACRACR Improved Forest Management (IFM) on Canadian Forestlands, v 1.0MSWG 1
Improved Forestry ManagementACRACR Improved Forest Management (IFM) on Non-Federal U.S. Forestlands, v 2.0MSWG 1
Improved Forestry ManagementACRACR Improved Forest Management (IFM) on Non-Federal U.S. Forestlands, v 2.1MSWG 1CCP-Approved

Board Observations
Improved Forestry ManagementACRACR Improved Forest Management (IFM) on Small Non-Industrial Private Forestlands, v 1.0MSWG 1
Improved Forestry ManagementClimate Action Reserve (CAR)CAR Mexico Forest Protocol, v 2.0MSWG 1
Improved Forestry ManagementClimate Action Reserve (CAR)CAR Mexico Forest Protocol, v 3.0MSWG 1CCP-Approved

Board Observations
Improved Forestry ManagementClimate Action Reserve (CAR)CAR U.S. Forest Protocol, v 5.1MSWG 1
Improved Forestry ManagementVerified Carbon StandardVM0005 Methodology for Conversion of Low-Productive Forest to High-Productive Forest, v 1.2MSWG 1
Improved Forestry ManagementVerified Carbon StandardVM0012 Improved Forest Management in Temperate and Boreal Forests (LtPF), v 1.2MSWG 1
Improved Forestry ManagementVerified Carbon StandardVM0035 Methodology for Improved Forest Management through Reduced Impact Logging, v 1.0MSWG 1
Improved Forestry ManagementVerified Carbon StandardVM0045 Improved Forest Management Methodology Using Dynamic Matched Baselines from National Forest Inventories, v 1.0-1.1MSWG 1, Withdrawn
Improved Forestry ManagementVerified Carbon StandardVM0045 Improved Forest Management Methodology Using Dynamic Matched Baselines from National Forest Inventories, v 1.2MSWG 1CCP-Approved

Board Observations
Industrial Biodigesters​Climate Action Reserve (CAR)CAR Argentina Livestock, v 1.0Internal Assessment
Industrial Biodigesters​Climate Action Reserve (CAR)CAR Dominican Republic Livestock, v 1.0Internal Assessment
Industrial Biodigesters​Climate Action Reserve (CAR)CAR Mexico Livestock Protocol, v 2.0Internal Assessment
Industrial Biodigesters​Climate Action Reserve (CAR)CAR U.S. Livestock Protocol, v 1.0-4.0Internal Assessment
Industrial Energy efficiency (Supply side)​Verified Carbon StandardAM0017 - Steam system efficiency improvements by replacing steam traps and returning condensate, v 1.0-2.0Very Unlikely To Meet
Industrial Energy efficiency (Supply side)​Verified Carbon StandardAM0018 - Baseline methodology for steam optimization systems , v 1.0-4.0Very Unlikely To Meet
Industrial Energy efficiency (Supply side)​Verified Carbon StandardAM0020 - Baseline methodology for water pumping efficiency improvements, v 1.0-2.0Very Unlikely To Meet
Just TransitionVerified Carbon StandardVM0052 - Accelerated Retirement of Coal-Fired Power Plants Using a Just Transition, v 1.0Internal Assessment
Landfill AvoidanceClimate Action Reserve (CAR)CAR U.S. Organic Waste Composting Protocol, v 1.0-1.1Internal Assessment
Landfill AvoidanceGold StandardGS Methodology for Collection of Macroalgae to Avoid Emissions from Decomposition, v 1.0Internal Assessment
Landfill Gas Capture & Utilisation​ACRACR Landfill Gas Destruction and Beneficial Use Projects, v 1.0-2.0Internal AssessmentCCP-Approved

Board Observations
Landfill Gas Capture & Utilisation​Climate Action Reserve (CAR)CAR Mexico Landfill Protocol, v 2.0Internal Assessment
Landfill Gas Capture & Utilisation​Climate Action Reserve (CAR)CAR U.S. Landfill Protocol, v 4.0Internal Assessment, Withdrawn
Landfill Gas Capture & Utilisation​Climate Action Reserve (CAR)CAR U.S. Landfill Protocol, v 5.0Internal Assessment
Landfill Gas Capture & Utilisation​Climate Action Reserve (CAR)CAR U.S. Landfill Protocol, v 6.0Internal AssessmentCCP-Approved

Board Observations
Landfill Gas Capture & Utilisation​Gold StandardACM0001 - Flaring or use of landfill gas, v 15.0-19.0Internal AssessmentCCP-Approved

Board Observations
Landfill Gas Capture & Utilisation​Gold StandardAMS-III.G. - Landfill methane recovery, v 9.0-10.0Internal AssessmentCCP-Approved

Board Observations
Landfill Gas Capture & Utilisation​Verified Carbon StandardACM0001 - Flaring or use of landfill gas, v 15.0-19.0Internal AssessmentCCP-Approved

Board Observations
Landfill Gas Capture & Utilisation​Verified Carbon StandardAMS-III.G. - Landfill methane recovery, v 9.0-10.0Internal AssessmentCCP-Approved

Board Observations
Landfill Gas Capture & Utilisation​Verified Carbon StandardCAR U.S. Landfill Protocol, v 6.0Internal Assessment
Leak Detection/Repair in Gas Systems​Verified Carbon StandardAM0023 - Leak detection and repair in gas production, processing, transmission, storage and distribution systems and in refinery facilities, v 4.0Internal AssessmentCCP-Approved

Board Observations
Marine Carbon Dioxide RemovalsIsometricOcean Alkalinity Enhancement from Coastal Outfalls, v 1.0MSWG 6
Mine Methane Capture and Utilization for Energy​ACRACR Capturing and Destroying Methane from Coal and Trona Mines in North America, v 1.0-1.1Internal Assessment
Mine Methane Capture and Utilization for Energy​Verified Carbon StandardACM0008 - Abatement of methane from coal mines, v 6.0-8.0Internal Assessment
N₂O Abatement in Adipic Acid Production​Climate Action Reserve (CAR)CAR China Adipic Acid Production Protocol, v 1.0Internal AssessmentCCP-Approved
N₂O Abatement in Adipic Acid Production​Climate Action Reserve (CAR)CAR U.S. Adipic Acid Production Protocol, v 1.0Internal AssessmentCCP-Approved
N₂O Abatement in Nitric Acid ProductionVerified Carbon StandardAM0028 - N2O destruction in the tail gas of Caprolactam production plants, v 1.0-6.0Very Unlikely To Meet
N₂O Abatement in Nitric Acid ProductionVerified Carbon StandardAM0034 - Catalytic reduction of N2O inside the ammonia burner of nitric acid plants, v 1.0-5.1.1Very Unlikely To Meet
N₂O Abatement in Nitric Acid Production​​Climate Action Reserve (CAR)CAR U.S. Nitric Acid Production Protocol, v 2.2Internal Assessment, Withdrawn
N₂O Abatement in Nitric Acid Production​​Climate Action Reserve (CAR)CAR U.S. Nitric Acid Production Protocol, v 3.0Internal Assessment
New Natural Gas Power ​Verified Carbon StandardACM0025 - Construction of a new natural gas power plant, v 1.0-2.0Very Unlikely To Meet
New Natural Gas Power ​Verified Carbon StandardAM0107 - New natural gas based cogeneration plant, v 1.0-4.0Very Unlikely To Meet
ODS DestructionACRACR Destruction of Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) and High-Global Warming Potential (GWP) Foam, v 1.0-2.0Internal Assessment
ODS DestructionACRACR Destruction of Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) from International Sources, v 1.0Internal AssessmentCCP-Approved
ODS DestructionClimate Action Reserve (CAR)CAR Article 5 Ozone Depleting Substances Protocol, v 1.0-2.0Internal AssessmentCCP-Approved
ODS DestructionClimate Action Reserve (CAR)CAR U.S. Ozone Depleting Substances Protocol, v 1.0-2.0Internal AssessmentCCP-Approved
REDD+ (Jurisdictional)Architecture for REDD+ Transaction TREES (ART)ART The REDD+ Environmental Excellence Standard (TREES) - HFLD, v 2.0MSWG 4
REDD+ (Jurisdictional)Architecture for REDD+ Transaction TREES (ART)ART The REDD+ Environmental Excellence Standard (TREES) - non HFLD, v 2.0MSWG 4CCP-Approved

Board Observations
REDD+ (Jurisdictional)Architecture for REDD+ Transaction TREES (ART)ART The REDD+ Environmental Excellence Standard (TREES) - Removals, v 2.0MSWG 4
REDD+ (Jurisdictional)Verified Carbon StandardVCS Jurisdictional and Nested REDD+ (JNR) Framework, v 4.1 MSWG 4CCP-Approved

Board Observations
REDD+ (Project)ACRACR Active Conservation and Sustainable Management on U.S. Forestlands, v 1.0MSWG 4
REDD+ (Project)Verified Carbon StandardVM0048 Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation, v 1.0MSWG 4CCP-Approved

Board Observations
Renewable Energy (Grid Connected)Gold StandardACM0002 - Grid-connected electricity generation from renewable sources, v 1.0-21.0MSWG 3Does not meet

Board Observations
Renewable Energy (Grid Connected)Gold StandardACM0006 - Electricity and heat generation from biomass, v 1.0-16.0MSWG 3Does not meet

Board Observations
Renewable Energy (Grid Connected)Gold StandardACM0018 - Electricity generation from biomass in power-only plants, v 1.0-6.0MSWG 3Does not meet

Board Observations
Renewable Energy (Grid Connected)Gold StandardAM0123 - Renewable energy generation for captive use, v 1.0MSWG 3
Renewable Energy (Grid Connected)Gold StandardAMS-I.D. - Grid connected renewable electricity generation, v 1.0-18.0MSWG 3Does not meet

Board Observations
Renewable Energy (Grid Connected)Verified Carbon StandardACM0002 - Grid-connected electricity generation from renewable sources, v 1.0-21.0MSWG 3Does not meet

Board Observations
Renewable Energy (Grid Connected)Verified Carbon StandardACM0006 - Electricity and heat generation from biomass, v 1.0-16.0MSWG 3Does not meet

Board Observations
Renewable Energy (Grid Connected)Verified Carbon StandardACM0018 - Electricity generation from biomass in power-only plants, v 1.0-6.0MSWG 3Does not meet

Board Observations
Renewable Energy (Grid Connected)Verified Carbon StandardAM0123 - Renewable energy generation for captive use, v 1.0MSWG 3
Renewable Energy (Grid Connected)Verified Carbon StandardAMS-I.D. - Grid connected renewable electricity generation, v 1.0-18.0MSWG 3Does not meet

Board Observations
Renewable Energy (Grid Connected/Thermal)Gold StandardAMS-I.C. - Thermal energy production with or without electricity, v 1.0-22.0MSWG 3
Renewable Energy (Grid Connected/Thermal)Verified Carbon StandardAMS-I.C. - Thermal energy production with or without electricity, v 1.0-22.0MSWG 3
Renewable Energy (Mini-Grids​)Gold StandardAMS-I.L. - Electrification of rural communities using renewable energy, v 1.0-4.0MSWG 3Does not meet

Board Observations
Renewable Energy (Mini-Grids​)Verified Carbon StandardAMS-I.L. - Electrification of rural communities using renewable energy, v 1.0-4.0MSWG 3Does not meet

Board Observations
Renewable Energy (Off-grid)​Gold StandardAMS-I.A. - Electricity generation by the user, v 1.0-19.0MSWG 3Does not meet

Board Observations
Renewable Energy (Off-grid)​Verified Carbon StandardAMS-I.A. - Electricity generation by the user, v 1.0-19.0MSWG 3Does not meet

Board Observations
Renewable Energy (Thermal)Gold StandardAM0036 - Use of biomass in heat generation equipment, v 1.0-7.0MSWG 3Does not meet

Board Observations
Renewable Energy (Thermal)Gold StandardAM0072 - Fossil Fuel Displacement by Geothermal Resources for Space Heating, v 1.0-3.0MSWG 3Does not meet

Board Observations
Renewable Energy (Thermal)Verified Carbon StandardAM0036 - Use of biomass in heat generation equipment, v 1.0-7.0MSWG 3Does not meet

Board Observations
Renewable Energy (Thermal)Verified Carbon StandardAM0072 - Fossil Fuel Displacement by Geothermal Resources for Space Heating, v 1.0-3.0MSWG 3Does not meet

Board Observations
Rice Cultivation Methane Avoidance ​Gold StandardGS Methodology for Methane Emission Reduction by Adjusted Water Management Practice in Rice Cultivation, v 1.0MSWG 2
Rice Cultivation Methane Avoidance ​Verified Carbon StandardVM0051 Improved Management in Rice Production Systems, v 1.0Internal Assessment
SF6 AvoidanceVerified Carbon StandardAM0065 - Replacement of SF6 with alternate cover gas in the magnesium industry, v 2.1Internal AssessmentDoes not meet
Sustainable Agriculture (Rotational Crops, Low Till/No Tillage etc)​Climate Action Reserve (CAR)CAR U.S. Soil Enrichment Protocol, v 1.1MSWG 2
Sustainable Agriculture (Rotational Crops, Low Till/No Tillage etc)​Gold StandardGS Soil Organic Carbon Framework Methodology, v 1.0MSWG 2
Sustainable Agriculture (Rotational Crops, Low Till/No Tillage etc)​Verified Carbon StandardVM0042 Methodology for Improved Agricultural Land Management, v 2.0MSWG 2
Waste Heat Recovery​Verified Carbon StandardACM0012 - Waste energy recovery, v 1.0-6.0Very Unlikely To Meet
Waste Heat Recovery​Verified Carbon StandardAM0066 - GHG emission reductions through waste heat utilisation for pre-heating of raw materials in sponge iron manufacturing process, v 1.0Very Unlikely To Meet
Waste Heat Recovery​Verified Carbon StandardAMS-III.Q. - Waste energy recovery, v 1.0-6.1Very Unlikely To Meet

A full list of all CCP-Approved methodologies, along with those still in assessment, can be found in our assessment status table.

As of January 2024, ODS credits represent ca. 0.9% (or about 16 million credits) of total credits issued in the voluntary carbon market. Of this, an estimated 4 million issued credits are affected by a decision for CCP approval to date.

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Learn about the other part of the ICVCM’s two tick process – the assessment of categories of carbon credits.

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